In this article, Dr Tarryn Jacobs explores the rising trend of home-use laser and light devices among patients who favour a DIY approach to skincare. These devices promise convenience, affordability, and privacy, making them increasingly popular. However, their safety, efficacy, and potential risks warrant careful consideration.
The growing popularity of home-use devices
Home-use light and laser devices are gaining traction among consumers who appreciate the convenience, cost-effectiveness, and privacy they offer. With increasing awareness, patients are likely to seek professional advice on these devices’ safety and effectiveness.
Comparing home and professional devices
A wide range of home-use devices are available for acne treatment, hair removal, and facial rejuvenation. Unlike medical-grade devices, which undergo rigorous double-blind, randomised controlled trials, cosmetic devices do not face the same scrutiny. Additionally, home devices generally deliver significantly less energy per session compared to professional treatments – up to five times less.
Understanding treatment technologies
- LED devices: The therapeutic benefits of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were first discovered by NASA in the 1970s. These devices have since been used in dermatology to reduce inflammation, accelerate healing, and stimulate growth factors. LEDs emit low-intensity light across various wavelengths, from ultraviolet (UV) to infrared, and work by photomodulation, targeting mitochondria to enhance cellular metabolism. This makes LEDs relevant for treating photoageing and promoting wound healing.
- Intense pulsed light (IPL): IPL devices are non-laser, high-intensity light sources that emit a broad spectrum of light, typically in the 500–1 200 nm range. They work through selective photothermolysis, focusing heat-induced radiation damage on specific epidermal or dermal pigmented targets.
Indications for use
- Acne: Acne is a complex inflammatory condition characterised by follicular blockage, excessive sebum production, and bacterial overgrowth. Home-use blue light devices target the bacteria responsible for acne, leading to reduced lesion size and inflammation. Red and near-infrared light therapies have also shown anti-inflammatory benefits in acne treatment.
- Facial rejuvenation: Ageing reduces the skin’s collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycan levels, weakening its strength and elasticity. LED devices have proven effective in collagen regeneration, reducing fine lines, and improving skin texture. Fractional non-ablative treatments using infrared wavelengths can also stimulate collagen production, although more research is needed to confirm their long-term efficacy.
- Hair removal: Home hair removal devices, utilising IPL or diode laser technologies, have been studied primarily in Fitzpatrick skin types I–IV. These devices offer lower fluences, smaller treatment areas, and longer treatment times compared to in-office lasers. Careful use is required, particularly for darker skin types, due to the increased risk of side effects.
- Hair loss: Androgenetic alopecia is a common cause of hair loss in both men and women. Low-level light therapy, delivered through home devices, is thought to extend the anagen phase of hair growth. These devices can be used alone or alongside treatments like minoxidil and finasteride.
Notable adverse events
While home-use devices offer potential benefits, caution is essential. Reported adverse events include:
- Ocular trauma: Devices may have safety features like skin sensors to prevent accidental firing, but improper use can still result in eye injuries, including partial or complete blindness.
- Paradoxical hair growth: There have been reports of unexpected hair growth in areas treated with home hair removal devices, possibly due to the stimulation of dormant follicles by indirect light.
- Skin reactions: Individuals with darker skin types are more prone to side effects such as pain, blistering, and pigmentary changes, including both hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation.
Conclusion: A balanced perspective
There is growing evidence that some home-use devices may provide benefits with minimal side effects, though research is limited, and follow-up periods are short. These devices can serve as complementary products to professional treatments. It is crucial to manage patient expectations and provide thorough guidance on safety, proper usage, and potential complications.
About the author
MBChB (UP) FC Derm (SA) cum laude, MMed (Derm) Pret cum laude
Dr Tarryn Jacobs is a Dermatologist that specialises in general medical dermatological conditions and skin cancer detection and treatment. She is experienced in the management of complex skin conditions and enjoys working with her patients to create a treatment plan that is best for them.
Dr Tarryn obtained the Fellowship of the College of Dermatology, and awarded the prestigious Peter Gordon-Smith medal for academic excellence.
Member of Dermatology Society of South Africa (DSSA), South African Society for Dermatological Surgery (SASDS), African Women's Dermatologic Society, Women's Dermatologic Society, International Dermoscopy Society, American Academy of Dermatology.